Collaboration and Competition in Research
نویسنده
چکیده
Collaboration and competition are increasing both within and between research organizations, leading to new questions for research management and science policy. Increasing collaboration is reflected by a growing average number of coauthors in all fields (Hicks and Katz, 1996; Wuchty et al., 2007). Sometimes this is seen as a perverse effect of extremely stretched competition, and not so much as collaboration. The more papers a scientist can put his/her name on, the better this is for ones’ reputation and career. Power relations may therefore play a role here, and there is a long discussion about field specific norms for correct authorship (Marušić et al., 2011). Nevertheless, competition is generally conceived of as crucial for improving scientific performance and its impact on society. Increasing numbers of co-authors also reflect the increased necessity of research collaboration. First, research has become large scale and increasingly depends on research infrastructures — stimulating coordination and collaboration. Second, research is expected to address the large societal challenges (Gibbons et al., 1994; Ziman, 2000) and societal issues are by definition complex and require interdisciplinary collaboration. As more competition and more collaboration in research are demanded simultaneously, there is a need for in-depth analysis of the relation between the two, and of their effects on the quality of science and higher education. The tension between the individual reputation-based incentives and the systems’ need for more direct collaboration has implications for research management and science policy. This is the thread through this special issue of Higher Education Policy. Most of the papers were presented within the empirical track ‘Organization of Science Practices’ of the EASST (European Association for the Study of Science and Technology) Conference in 2010 in Trento, Italy.
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تاریخ انتشار 2012